Volume 4 - Issue 1 - DBU Journal of K-12 Educational Research - Page 71

Journal of K-12 Educational Research 69 determine if results are true across all grade levels. Including additional independent variables such as Economic Status and comparing the effect size to add context to the relationship of principal longevity and student achievement would provide valuable research data to an otherwise limited research area. The organizational structure of a charter school plays a part in determining the impact of the principal on student achievement. Research suggests principals may have a greater impact on elementary schools due to their level of engagement and curriculum knowledge (Leithwood, Louis, Wahlstrom, Anderson, & Maschall, 2004). The current study is an important step toward empirically- driven understanding of the relationships among principal longevity and student achievement in charter schools. The findings clearly support the link between the principal’s impact on culture and climate which has a direct impact on student achievement. References Battle, D., & Gruber, K. (2010). Principal attrition and mobility: Results from the 2008-2009 principal follow-up survey (NCES 2010-337). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education . Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Béteille, T., Kalogrides, D., & Loeb, S. (2012). Stepping stones: Principal career paths and school outcomes. Social Science Research, 41 (4), 904-919. Branch, G., Hanushek, E., & Rivkin, S. (2009). Estimating principal effectiveness (Working Paper 32). National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research . Branch, G. F., Hanushek, E. A., & Rivkin, S. G., (2012). Estimating the effect of leaders on public sector productivity: The case of school principals (No. w17803). National Bureau of Economic Research. Brockmeier, L. L., Starr, G., Green, R., Pate, J. L., & Leech, D. W. (2013). Principal and school-level effects on elementary school achievement. NCPEA International Journal of Education Leadership Preparation, 8 (1), 49-61. Campbell, C., & Gross, B. (2008). Working without a safety net: How charter school leaders can best survive on the high wire. National Charter School Research Project, Center on Reinventing Public Education . Retrieved from https://www.crpe.org/sites/default/files/ICS_Highwire_ Inside_Sep08_0.pdf Cravens, X. Goldring, E., & Penaloza, R. V. (2011). Leadership practices and school choice . Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University. Darling-Hammond, L., LaPointe, M., Meyerson, D., Orr, M. T., & Cohen, C. (2007). Preparing school leaders for a changing world: Lessons from exemplary leadership development programs (School Leadership Study). Stanford, CA: Stanford Educational Leadership Institute. Goldring, R., & Taie, S. (2018). Principal attrition and mobility: Results from the 2016-2017 Principal Follow-up Survey First Look . Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics. Kearney, W. S., Valdez, A., & Garcia, L. (2012). Leadership for the long-haul: The impact of leadership longevity on student achievement. School Leadership Review, 7 (2), 24–33. Leithwood, K., Louis, K. S., Wahlstrom, K. L., Anderson, S. E., & Maschall, B. (2004). Learning from leadership: How leadership influences student learning . University of Minnesota and Ontario Institute for Studies in Education/University of Toronto Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement. Louis, K. S., Leithwood, K., Wahlstrom, K. L., Anderson, S. E., Michlin, M., & Maschall, B. (2010). Learning from leadership: Investigating the links to improved student learning . University of Minnesota and Ontario Institute for Studies in Education/University of Toronto Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement. Mascall, B., & Leithwood, K. (2010). Investing in leadership: The district’s role in managing principal turnover. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 9 , 367–383. National Association of Elementary School Principals, & National Association of Secondary School Principals. (2013). Leadership matters . Retrieved from https://www. naesp.org/sites/default/files/LeadershipMatters.pdf